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475Chapter 20 .HTML Directive Objects Properties Methods Event Handlers profile Syntax Accessing HEAD element object properties or methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ).property | method([parameters]) About this object The purpose of the HEAD element is primarily to act as a container for most of the other HTML directive elements. Other than as a reference point to the child elements nested within, the HEAD element object rarely comes into play when scripting a document. Properties profile Value: String Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The profile property is the script version of the optional PROFILE attribute of a HEAD element. While the attribute and property are supported in NN6 (that is, they exist), they are not used in practice yet. You can find details about the attribute at http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#profiles. Related Items: META element object. BASE Element Object For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. Properties Methods Event Handlers href target BASE
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474 Part III . Document Objects Reference Syntax Accessing HTML element object properties or methods: (IE4+) [window.]document.all.elemID.property | method([parameters]) (IE5+/NN6) [window.]document.getElementById( elemID ).property | method([parameters]) (IE4+/NN6) [window.]document.body.parentElement.property | method([parameters]) About this object The HTML element is the big wrapper around all other elements of the page. In the object tree, the HTML element sits between the all-encompassing document object and the element s most common children, the HEAD and BODY elements. Other than one deprecated property (version), the HTML element object offers nothing of importance to the scripter with one possible exception. When your script needs to use methods on the child nodes of the HTML element, you must invoke most of those methods from the point of view of the HTML element. Therefore, you should know how to create a reference to the HTML element object (shown in the preceding Syntax section) just in case you need it. Property version Value: String Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The version property is an artifact of an ancient way an HTML document used to specify the HTML version of its content. These days, the preferred way to declare the HTML version for a document is through a Document Type Declaration (DTD) statement that precedes the tag. An example of a modern DTD statement that accommodates HTML 4 plus deprecated elements and attributes as well as frameset support is See http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#h-7.2for several other possibilities. A DTD statement does not affect the versionproperty of an HTML element object. Related Items: None. HEAD Element Object For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. HEAD
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20 CHAPTER HTML Directive Objects …. Thanks to the modern browser s desire to expose all HTML elements to the document object model, we can now (in IE4+ and NN6) access a variety of objects that represent many HTML elements that are normally invisible to the human viewer of a page. These elements are called directive elements because they predominantly contain instructions for the browser instructions that direct the browser to locate associated content on the page, link in external specifications, treat content as executable script statements, and more. As you browse through the objects of this chapter, you may wonder why they have so many properties that normally indicate that the elements occupy space on the rendered page. After all, how can a META element have dimension or position on the page when it has no renderable content? The reason is that modern browsers internally employ some form of object- oriented behavior that lets all HTML elements rendered or not inherit the same set of properties, methods, and event handlers that any generic element has (see Chapter 15). The logical flaw is that unrendered elements can have properties and methods that don t genuinely apply to them. In such cases, their property values may be zero, an empty string, or an empty array. Yet the properties and methods exist in the objects just the same. Therefore, despite the large number of objects covered in this chapter, there are relatively few properties and methods that are not shared already with all HTML elements (as covered in Chapter 15). HTML Element Object For HTML element properties, methods, and event handlers, see Chapter 15. In This Chapter Accessing non- displayed element objects Linking operating- system specific style sheet definitions HTML, HEAD, LINK, TITLE, META, BASE, and SCRIPT elements …. Properties Methods Event Handlers version
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472 Part III . Document Objects Reference On the Example (with Listing 19-12) on the CD-ROM CD-ROM Related Items: getBoundingClientRect(), getClientRects() methods of element objects (Chapter 15). … TextRectangle.bottom
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471Chapter 19 .Body Text Objects About this object The IE5+ TextRectangle object (not implemented in IE5/Mac) exposes to scripts a concept that is described in the HTML 4.0 specification, whereby an ele ment s rendered text occupies a rectangular space on the page just large enough to contain the text. For a single word, the rectangle is as tall as the line height for the font used to render the word and no wider than the space occupied by the text. But for a sequence of words that wraps to multiple lines, the rectangle is as tall as the line height times the number of lines and as wide as the distance between the left- most and rightmost character edges, even if it means that the rectangle encloses some other text that is not part of the element. If you extract the TextRectangleobject for an element by way of, for example, the getBoundingClientRect()method, be aware that the object is but a snap shot of the rectangle when the method was invoked. Resizing the page may very well alter dimensions of the actual rectangle enclosing the element s text, but the TextRectangle object copy that you made previously does not change its values to reflect the element s physical changes. After a window resize or modification of body text, any dependent TextRectangleobjects should be recopied from the element. Properties bottom left right top Values: Integers Read-only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The screen pixel coordinates of its four edges define every TextRectangle object. These coordinates are relative to the window or frame displaying the page. Therefore, if you intend to align a positioned element with an inline element s TextRectangle, your position assignments must take into account the scrolling of the body. To my eye, the left edge of a TextRectangledoes not always fully encompass the left-most pixels of the rendered text. You may have to fudge a few pixels in the measure when trying to align a real element with the TextRectangle of another element. TextRectangle.bottom
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470 Part III . Document Objects Reference Table 19-3 setEndPoint() Method Types Type Description StartToEnd Moves the start point of the current range to the end of the other range StartToStart Moves the start point of the current range to the start of the other range EndToStart Moves the end point of the current range to the start of the other range EndToEnd Moves the end point of the current range to the end of the other range Note that the method moves only one boundary of the current range at a time. If you want to make two ranges equal to each other, you have to invoke the method twice, once with StartToStartand once with EndToEnd. At that instant, the isEqual() method applied to those two ranges returns true. Setting a boundary point with the setEndPoint() method can have unexpected results when the revised text range straddles multiple elements. Don t be surprised to find that the new HTML text for the revised range does not include tags from the outer element container. On the Example on the CD-ROM CD-ROM Related Items: TextRange.moveEnd(), TextRange.moveStart(), TextRange. moveToElementText() methods. TextRectangle Object Properties Methods Event Handlers bottom left right top Syntax Accessing TextRectangleobject properties: [window.]document.all.elemID.getBoundingClientRect().property [window.]document.all.elemID.getClientRects()[i].property TextRectangle
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469Chapter 19 .Body Text Objects select() Returns: Nothing. NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The select() method selects the text inside the boundaries of the current text range. For some operations, such as prompted search and replace, it is helpful to show the user the text of the current range to highlight what text is about to be replaced. In some other operations, especially several commands invoked by execCommand(), the operation works only on a text selection in the document. Thus, you can use the TextRangeobject facilities to set the boundaries, followed by the select()method to prepare the text for whatever command you like. Text selected by the select() method becomes a selectionobject (covered earlier in this chapter). On the Example on the CD-ROM CD-ROM Related Items: selection object. setEndPoint( type , otherRangeRef) Returns: Nothing. NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . In contrast to the moveEnd() method, which adjusts the end point of the current range with respect to characters, words, sentences, and the complete range, the setEndPoint() method sets a boundary of the current range (not necessarily the ending boundary) relative to a boundary of another text range whose reference is passed as the second parameter. The first parameter is one of four types that control which boundary of the current range is to be adjusted and which boundary of the other range is the reference point. Table 19-3 shows the four possible values and their meanings. TextRange.setEndPoint()
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468 Part III . Document Objects Reference pasteHTML( HTMLText ) Returns: Nothing. Compatibility NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 . IE5 . IE5.5 . While the execCommand() method offers several commands that insert HTML elements into a text range, it is probably more convenient to simply paste fully formed HTML into the current text range (assuming you need to be working with a text range instead of even more simply setting new values to an element object s outerHTML property). Provide the HTML to be inserted as a string parameter to the pasteHTML() method. Use the pasteHTML() method with some forethought. Some HTML that you may attempt to paste into a text range may force the method to wrap additional tags around the content you provide to ensure the validity of the resulting HTML. For example, if you were to replace a text range consisting of a portion of text of a P element with, for instance an LI element, the pasteHTML() method has no choice but to divide the P element into two pieces, because a P element is not a valid container for a solo LI element. This division can greatly disrupt your document object hierarchy, because the divided P element assumes the same ID for both pieces. Existing references to that P element will break, because the reference now returns an array of two like-named objects. On the Example on the CD-ROM CD-ROM Related Items: outerHTMLproperty; insertAdjacenHTML() method. queryCommandEnabled( commandName ) queryCommandIndeterm( commandName ) queryCommandState( commandName ) queryCommandSupported( commandName ) queryCommandText( commandName ) queryCommandValue( commandName ) Returns: See document.queryCommandEnabled() in Chapter 18. NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . See descriptions under document.queryCommandEnabled() in Chapter 18. TextRange.queryCommandEnabled()
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467Chapter 19 .Body Text Objects not the document, which may have been scrolled to a different position. Invoking the moveToPoint()method is the scripted equivalent of the user clicking that spot in the window. Use the expand()method to flesh out the collapsed text range to encompass the surrounding character, word, or sentence. Using the moveToPoint() method on a text range defined for a text form control may cause a browser crash. The method appears safe with the document.body text ranges, even if the x,y position falls within the rectangle of a text control. Such a position, however, does not drop the text range into the form control or its content. Example on the CD-ROM On the CD-ROM Note Related Items: TextRange.move(), TextRange.moveStart(), TextRange.moveEnd() methods. parentElement() Returns: Element object reference. NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The parentElement() method returns a reference to the next outermost HTML element container that holds the text range boundaries. If the text range boundaries are at the boundaries of a single element, the parentElement() method returns that element s reference. But if the boundaries straddle elements, then the object returned by the method is the element that contains the text of the least- nested text portion. In contrast to the expand() and various move-related methods, which understand text constructs, such as words and sentences, the parentElement() method is concerned solely with element objects. Therefore, if a text range is collapsed to an insertion point in body text, you can expand it to encompass the HTML element by using the parentElement() method as a parameter to moveToElementText(): rng.moveToElementText(rng.parentElement()) On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: TextRange.expand(), TextRange.move(), TextRange. moveEnd(), TextRange.moveStart() methods. TextRange.parentElement()
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466 Part III . Document Objects Reference bookmark string as its parameter to set the text range to exactly the way it appeared when the bookmark was originally obtained. If the method is successful, it returns a value of true, and the text range is set to the same string of text as originally preserved via getBookmark(). It is possible that the state of the content of the text range has been altered to such an extent that resurrecting the original text range is not feasible. In that case, the method returns false. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: TextRange.getBookmark() method. moveToElementText(elemObjRef) Returns: Nothing. NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The fastest way to cinch up a text range to the boundaries of an HTML element on the page is to use the moveToElementText()method. Any valid reference to the HTML element object is accepted as the sole parameter just don t try to use a string version of the object ID unless it is wrapped in the document. getElementById() method (IE5+). When the boundaries are moved to the element, the range s htmlText property contains the tags for the element. On the Example on the CD-ROM CD-ROM Related Items: TextRange.parentElement() method. moveToPoint(x, y) Returns: Nothing. NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The moveToPoint() method shrinks the current text range object to an insertion point and then moves it to a position in the current browser window or frame. You control the precise position via the x (horizontal) and y (vertical) pixel coordinates specified as parameters. The position is relative to the visible window, and TextRange.moveToPoint()
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