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789Chapter 30 .Style Sheet and Style Objects readOnly Value: Boolean Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The readOnly property s name is a bit misleading. Its Boolean value lets your script know whether the current style sheetwas embedded in the document by way of the STYLE element or brought in from an external file via the LINK element or @import rule. When embedded by a STYLE element, the readOnly property is false; for style sheets defined outside the page, the property is true. But a value of true doesn t mean that your scripts cannot modify the style properties. Style properties can still be modified on the fly, but of course the changes will not be reflected in the external file from which the initial settings came. Related Items: owningElement property. rules Value: Array of rule Objects Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The rules property returns an array of all rule objects (other than @rules) defined in the current style sheet. The order of rule objects in the array is based on source code order of the rules defined in the STYLE element or in the external file. Use the rules array as the primary way to reference an individual rule inside a style sheet. If you use a forloop to iterate through all rules in search of a particular rule, you will most likely be looking for a match of the rule object s selectorText property. This assumes, of course, that each selector is unique within the style sheet. Using unique selectors is good practice, but no restrictions prevent you from reusing a selector name in a style sheet for additional style information applied to the same selector elements. The corresponding property name for NN6 is cssRules. IE5/Mac responds to both the rulesand cssRules properties. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: rule object; cssRules property. styleSheetObject.rules
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788 Part III . Document Objects Reference pages Value: Array of @page Rules Read-Only Compatibility NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 . An @page style rule defines the dimensions and margins for printed versions of a Web page. The pages property returns a collection of @page rules contained by the current styleSheet object. If no @pagerules are defined in the style sheet, the array has a length of zero. While an @page rule has the same properties as any rule object, it has one more read-only property, the pseudoClassproperty, which returns any pseudo-class definitions in the rule. For example, the following @page rules define different rectangle specifications for the left and right printed pages: @page :left {margin-left:4cm; margin-right:3cm;} @page :right {margin-left:3cm; margin-right:4cm;} Values for the pseudoClass property of these two page rules are :leftand :right, respectively. To the W3C DOM, an @page rule is just another rule object, but one whose type property returns page. For more information about the paged media specification, see http://www. w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/page.html. Related Items: None. parentStyleSheet Value: styleSheet Object Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . An imported style sheet is present thanks to the hosting of a styleSheet object created by a STYLE or LINK element. That host styleSheet object is referenced by the parentStyleSheetproperty. For most styleSheet objects (that is, those not imported via the @import rule), the parentStyleSheet property is null. Take note of the distinction between the parentStyleSheet property, which points to a styleSheet object, and the various properties that refer to the HTML element that owns the styleSheet object. Related Items: None. styleSheetObject.parentStyleSheet
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787Chapter 30 .Style Sheet and Style Objects On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: ownerRule, owningElement property. ownerRule Value: cssRule Object Read-Only Compatibility NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 . IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 The ownerRule property applies to a styleSheet object that has been imported into a document via the @importrule. The property returns a reference to the @import rule responsible for loading the external style sheet. There is an interac tion between the ownerRule and ownerNodeproperties in that an imported rule has an ownerRule but its ownerNode property is null; conversely, a regular styleSheet has an ownerNode, but its ownerRule property is null. Note that NN6 does not expose imported style sheets as objects, so this property is not yet appli cable to NN. Related Items: ownerNode property. owningElement Value: Element Reference Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The owningElement property is a reference to the element object in which the styleSheet object is defined. For styleSheet objects defined inside STYLE and LINK elements, the owningElement property is a reference to that element. The corresponding property in NN6+ is ownerNode. Oddly, IE5/Mac has an additional, misnamed property called owningNode, whose value equals that of the owningElement property. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM Related Items: ownerNode property. styleSheetObject.owningElement
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786 Part III . Document Objects Reference added to the document.styleSheets collection, so that references to an imported styleSheet object must be through the document.styleSheets[i].imports[i] array. An import object is, itself, a styleSheet object. All properties and methods appli cable to a styleSheet object also apply to an importobject. Therefore, if you want to load a different external style sheet into the page, you can assign the new URL to the imported styleSheet object s hrefproperty: document.styleSheets[0].imports[0].href = alternate.css Modifications of this nature work in IE for Windows, but not in IE/Mac as of Version 5. Related Items: styleSheet object. media Value: See Text Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . CSS style sheets can be defined to apply to specific output media, such as the video display screen, printer, and, in the future, devices such as speech synthesiz ers or Braille generators. A style sheet gets this direction from the MEDIA attribute of a STYLE or LINK element. That value is represented in the mediaproperty of the styleSheet object. In IE4+, the media property value is a string with one of three possible values: screen, printer, all. The W3C DOM and NN6 take this one step further by allow ing for potentially multiple values being assigned to the MEDIA attribute. The NN6 value is an array of string media names. Related Items: None. ownerNode Value: Node Reference Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The ownerNode property is a reference to the document node in which the styleSheet object is defined. For styleSheet objects defined inside STYLE and LINK elements, the ownerNodeproperty is a reference to that element. The corresponding property in IE4+ is owningElement. Oddly, IE5/Mac has an additional, misnamed property called owningNode, whose value equals that of the owningElement property. styleSheetObject.ownerNode
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785Chapter 30 .Style Sheet and Style Objects Related Items: disabled property of the STYLE element object. href Value: String Read/Write (See Text) NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . When a style sheet is linked into a document via a LINK element, the href prop erty of the styleSheet object contains a string with the URL to that file. Essentially, the href property of the LINK element is passed along to the styleSheet object that loads as a result. In IE4+ for Windows only, this property is read/write, allowing you to dynamically link in an external style sheet file after the page has loaded. In IE/Mac and NN6, this property is read-only. Related Items: LINK element object. id Value: String Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . The id property of a styleSheet object inherits the idproperty of its containing element (STYLE or LINK element). This can get confusing, because it may appear as though two objects in the document have the same ID. The idstring, however, can be used as an index to the document.styleSheetsarray in IE4+ (for example, document.styleSheets[ winLINK ]). NN6 does not provide a comparable identi fier associated with a styleSheet object. Related Items: id property of all element objects. imports Value: Array of styleSheet Objects Read-Only NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . A style sheet can contain one or more @import rules to import an external style sheet file into the document. Each imported styleSheet object is treated as an import object. The imports property is a collection of all imported styleSheet objects that belong to the current styleSheet object. Imported style sheets are not styleSheetObject.imports
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784 Part III . Document Objects Reference NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . The cssText property contains a string of the style sheet rules contained by the styleSheet object. Parsing this text in search of particular strings is not wise because the text returned by this property can have carriage returns and other formatting that is not obvious from the text that is assigned to the rules in the style sheet. But you can use this property as a way to completely rewrite the rules of a style sheet in a rather brute-force manner: Assemble a string consisting of all the new rules and assign that string to the cssTextproperty. The more formal way of modifying rules (adding and removing them) is perhaps better form, but there is no penalty for using the cssTextproperty if your audience is strictly IE5+. On the Example on the CD-ROM CD-ROM Related Items: addRule(), deleteRule(), insertRule(), removeRule() methods. disabled Value: Boolean Read/Write NN2 NN3 NN4 NN6 IE3/J1 IE3/J2 IE4 IE5 IE5.5 Compatibility . . While the disabled property of the STYLE element object works with that element only, the styleSheet object s disabledproperty works with a styleSheet object that comes into the document by a LINK element as well. Enabling and disabling style sheets is one way to swap different appearance styles for a page, allowing the user to select the preferred style. The page can contain multiple style sheets that control the same selectors, but your script can enable one and disable another to change the overall style. You can even perform this action via the onLoadevent handler. For example, if you have separate style sheets for Windows and Mac browsers, you can put both of them in the document, initially both disabled. An onLoadevent handler determines the operating system and enables the style sheet tailored for that OS. Unless your style sheets are very extensive, there is little download performance penalty for having both style sheets in the document. On the CD-ROM Example on the CD-ROM styleSheetObject.disabled
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783Chapter 30 .Style Sheet and Style Objects About this object If the STYLE element object is the concrete incarnation of a style sheet, then the styleSheet object is its abstract equivalent. A styleSheet object exists by virtue of a style sheet definition being embedded in the current document either by way of the